Final answer:
The main types of energy produced in a simple closed electric circuit are thermal and light energy. Thermal energy results from the resistance of the conductor and the conversion of electrical energy as it heats up, while light energy is produced if there is a light-emitting component like a light bulb in the circuit.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a student builds a simple electric circuit and closes the switch, the main types of energy produced in the circuit are typically thermal energy and light energy. When electrical energy flows through a conductor in a closed circuit, it can be converted into thermal energy due to the resistance of the conductor, which causes it to heat up. Additionally, if the circuit includes a device like a light bulb, the electrical energy is converted into light energy, producing visible illumination. Other forms of energy, such as sound or magnetism, may also be present but are not the primary forms produced in most simple electric circuits.