Final answer:
An HSA is an alternative to traditional health insurance that allows both current health expense payments and savings for future qualified medical expenses in a tax-free account. Traditional insurance plans often include deductibles, co-insurance, and co-payments. Fee-for-service and HMOs represent differing health care organization models, each with its own cost implications.
Step-by-step explanation:
An HSA (Health Savings Account) is an alternative to traditional health insurance: It is a savings product that offers a different way for consumers to pay for their health care. HSAs enable you to pay for current health expenses and save for future qualified medical and retiree health expenses on a tax-free basis. Unlike traditional insurance, an HSA plan typically involves a high deductible, the amount that policyholders must pay out of pocket before the insurance coverage kicks in.
Once the deductible is paid, the insurance may cover a percentage of subsequent costs, this is known as co-insurance. Another possible cost is a co-payment, a fixed fee for services.
Fee-for-service is a model where healthcare providers are paid for each service performed. In contrast, an health maintenance organization (HMO) provides healthcare for a fixed annual fee regardless of services used, potentially offering cost savings and efficient resource allocation, but also posing the risk of inadequate individual patient care due to fixed budget constraints.
Private healthcare can be either employer-sponsored or direct-purchase, while public healthcare is government-funded. In the context of retirement, programs such as Social Security and Medicare are a form of 'social insurance', functioning by individuals making regular payments now to receive benefits in old age, including healthcare coverage.