Question

Who does Robespierre consider "enemies of that state" and what does he believe should be done with these traitors?

Option 1: Robespierre considered counter-revolutionaries, aristocrats, and enemies of the Republic as traitors and believed they should face execution by the guillotine.
Option 2: Robespierre viewed foreign powers, political rivals, and religious leaders as traitors and advocated for their imprisonment without trial.
Option 3: Robespierre identified anyone who disagreed with his political ideology as enemies of the state and supported their exile from France.
Option 4: Robespierre labeled only the clergy as traitors and argued for their expulsion from France without punishment.

Answer 1

Option (1), Robespierre considered counter-revolutionaries, aristocrats, and critics of the government as enemies of the state and believed in their execution via the guillotine, under the Reign of Terror.

Step-by-step explanation:

Maximilien de Robespierre considered several groups as enemies of the state during the Reign of Terror. Among them were the counter-revolutionaries, aristocrats, members of the former nobility, and those who were critical of the revolutionary government. Robespierre, leading the Committee of Public Safety, used the guillotine as a means to swiftly execute those perceived as traitors, with the justification that such extreme measures were necessary to protect the Republic and restore peace.

The infamous Law of 22 Prairial expanded the tribunals' powers, facilitating quick judgments and an increase in executions, most notably of political adversaries, such as Georges Danton, and former Queen Marie Antoinette. The Reign of Terror eventually turned on Robespierre himself, culminating in his execution.