Final answer:
Plasma is the pale yellow liquid component of blood, comprising about 55% of its volume, and contains water, proteins, and various other necessary substances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pale yellow liquid that results from the separation of blood into its liquid and solid components is known as plasma. Plasma, which makes up about 55% of blood, is a crucial component containing about 90% water and 10% dissolved substances such as proteins, glucose, ions, hormones, gases, and other elements essential for bodily functions.
It also includes important components like coagulation factors and antibodies. The process of separating plasma involves high-speed centrifugation, where the denser blood cells and platelets are moved to the bottom, leaving the plasma as the upper liquid layer.