Question

The function of a protein molecule depends on its structure and how it interacts with other protein molecules. Which of the following best explains the importance of protein structure in determining its function?

a) Protein structure primarily affects its color.
b) Protein structure doesn't influence its interactions with other proteins.
c) Protein structure determines its function and interactions.
d) Protein structure is unrelated to its function.

Answer 1

Protein structure is crucial for function, as it determines the protein's shape, which is essential for its activity and interactions with other molecules. A change in structure can lead to a loss of function, as seen in sickle cell anemia.

Step-by-step explanation:

The function of a protein molecule is intimately tied to its structure. Each protein's unique sequence of amino acids leads to specific three-dimensional structures that define its activity. Four levels of protein structure - primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary - all contribute to the protein's functionality.

For instance, an enzyme's ability to bind to a substrate depends on the precise shape of its active site, which is determined by its tertiary structure. Any alteration in the protein's structure can result in loss of function, as demonstrated in conditions like sickle cell anemia where a single amino acid change leads to the malfunction of hemoglobin. In summary, a protein's structure determines its role in the body, and changes to this structure can impair its function.