Final answer:
In photosynthesis (ΔS° positive), the disorder increases as carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen, whereas in respiration (ΔS° negative), the disorder decreases as glucose and oxygen revert to carbon dioxide and water.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process by which some bacteria use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen is known as photosynthesis. This reaction is represented by the equation 6CO2 + 6H2O ⇒ C6H12O6 + 6O2. Given that photosynthesis is an endergonic reaction, which requires energy input (in this case, light energy), the products have more stored energy than the reactants. This suggests that the change in entropy, ΔS°, for Reaction 1 - respiration, which is the reverse of photosynthesis, would be negative because it's going from a more disordered to a less disordered state.
Conversely, in Reaction 2 - photosynthesis, the ΔS° would be positive because the process leads to an increase in disorder as simple molecules (CO2 and H2O) are transformed into a more complex molecule (C6H12O6) and gas (O2).
Therefore, for Reaction 1, since glucose and oxygen are converted back into carbon dioxide and water, ΔS° is expected to be negative. For Reaction 2, where the opposite occurs, ΔS° is expected to be positive. Hence, the correct answer to the question would be A. ΔS° for Reaction 1 is positive, ΔS for Reaction 1 is negative.