Final answer:
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign against racial segregation on the Montgomery public transit system. It lasted from 1955 to 1956 and led to a Supreme Court decision declaring segregation laws unconstitutional.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the Montgomery, Alabama public transit system. The boycott lasted from December 5, 1955, when Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person, to December 20, 1956, when a federal ruling, Browder v. Gayle, took effect and led to a Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional. The boycott was a key event in the Civil Rights Movement, and important figures such as Martin Luther King, Jr. and Ralph Abernathy were involved.