Final answer:
The Gupta Empire exhibited similarities with modern nation-states through its structured bureaucratic system and an emphasis on scientific and cultural advancement, both central to the functioning and identity of contemporary nations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two aspects of the Gupta Empire that are consistent with modern day nation-states include the presence of a structured bureaucratic system and the advancement of scientific knowledge. The Gupta Empire was characterized by a proper state apparatus including a bureaucracy, a comprehensive tax system, and the employment of salaried officials, much like modern nations.
Additionally, the Guptas saw tremendous strides in scientific fields such as mathematics and astronomy, inventing the number zero and calculating numerical values such as pi; actions indicative of a state's investment in intellectual advancement akin to modern nation-states.
Furthermore, the Gupta monarchs issued coins with their images, spreading their likeness across the kingdom. This move helped reinforce the ruler's identity among the populace, which is a common practice today where state symbols and leaders' images frequently appear on currencies.
Likewise, the Gupta period also marked great achievements in cultural domains such as music, architecture, and literature, reflecting how modern states often emphasize cultural development and national identity.