Final answer:
Leonardo da Vinci, the Renaissance polymath, is known for his detailed anatomical drawings based on dissections he performed, contributing significantly to the understanding of human anatomy and science.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Renaissance man renowned for his anatomical drawings is Leonardo da Vinci. As a true polymath, Leonardo leveraged his skills in various fields, including painting, engineering, and science, to explore the human anatomy. Despite the church's prohibitions against dissection, Leonardo and Michelangelo performed dissections to understand the human body, likely only on executed criminals. Leonardo's curiosity and dedication to science led him to dissect around 30 corpses over his lifetime, resulting in detailed anatomical drawings that are still referenced today.
One of Leonardo's most famous works, the Vitruvian Man, demonstrated ideal human proportions and linked his study of the human body to a broader understanding of geometry and design. Leonardo's anatomical studies and thousands of drawings contributed significantly to the sciences, particularly biology and physics. His impact as a Renaissance artist-engineer, like others such as Filippo Brunelleschi, forever changed the ways in which artists embodied realistic human form and perspective in their work.