Final answer:
People have supported dictatorships in hopes of restoring order, improving living standards, and protecting against extremist ideologies. Authoritarian rulers often argue democracy is too risky and consolidate power by limiting freedoms. While some 'benevolent' dictatorships have made positive changes, many authoritarian regimes have been repressive and abusive.
Step-by-step explanation:
People in some countries have supported authoritarian governments or dictatorships for a variety of reasons. In times of crisis, such as economic depression or perceived national decline, populations have looked towards authoritarian rulers or dictatorships to restore order and provide basic necessities. These leaders often come to power promising to improve the standard of living, and they may consolidate power by claiming that democracy poses a danger and that the people cannot be trusted to select proper leaders. Furthermore, during periods of intense ideological struggle, such as the Cold War, fears of communism or fascism have led to support for strongmen who promise to protect the nation from these perceived threats.
In the mid-20th century, António Salazar's Portugal aimed to preserve a level of economic and personal freedoms while maintaining a strong governmental control to prevent the rise of communism or fascism. More recently, Egypt's shift back to authoritarianism under Abdel Fattah el-Sisi showcases a similar justification for authoritarian rule—to protect against the chaos of democratic elections leading to extremist outcomes. Dictators have also used intimidation, media control, and rigged elections to maintain their perceived legitimacy among their people.
It must also be considered that some dictatorships have been seen as 'benevolent', with leaders like Napoleon and Anwar Sadat being remembered for certain positive changes. Conversely, there have been many examples of ruthless dictators like Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler who have abused their power, propagated fear, and committed atrocities against their own populations.