Final answer:
The greatest amount of carbon dioxide gas can be dissolved by a cold pond because the solubility of gases in liquid increases with decreasing temperature and with increased pressure, as indicated by Henry's Law.
Step-by-step explanation:
The solvent that will dissolve the greatest amount of carbon dioxide gas is C. A cold pond. According to Henry's Law and the behavior of gases under various pressures and temperatures, the solubility of gases like CO₂ increases as the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid increases and decreases with higher temperatures. Since cold water can hold more gas, a cold pond will dissolve more carbon dioxide than a warm environment due to the decreased kinetic energy in cold water, which implies fewer gas molecules escaping into the atmosphere.
The process of carbonation in beverages like soda illustrates how an increase in pressure can force more CO₂ to dissolve in a liquid. When a sealed, carbonated beverage container is opened, the hiss heard is the release of pressurized gas. As the gas pressure above the liquid drops, bubbles of CO₂ rapidly exit the solution. This shows that at higher pressures, like in a sealed container, more CO₂ can dissolve.