Final answer:
China's historic and modern building projects were primarily built using forced labor, such as with the Great Wall and the Three Gorges Dam. The state's authoritarian nature and labor practices both historically and in contemporary times reflect the use of conscripted and under-compensated labor in large state projects.
Step-by-step explanation:
China's ambitious building projects throughout its history have largely been built using A) Forced labor. This includes historical projects such as the Great Wall and more modern endeavors like the massive Three Gorges Dam. During various dynasties, conscripted labor was a common practice where individuals were compelled to work on large government projects. This also aligns with contemporary reports regarding labor conditions in China, which is an authoritarian state and has been criticized for not allowing labor unions, not enforcing minimum wage laws for factory workers, and for long working hours without benefits or sick leave. Further, during the Great Leap Forward, the use of farm labor to produce steel and work on construction projects was one of the causes of famine, showing the extent to which forced labor was utilized for large projects at the expense of agriculture and food production.
In addition, when looking at the conditions of Chinese immigrants to other countries, such as those who moved to Peru to work, their experiences often involved harsh punishments, and many worked under contracts that could lead to debt bondage, highlighting the coercive labor practices associated with Chinese workers historically.