Final answer:
Option (B), The term that posits the behavior in one culture should not be judged by the standards of another culture is cultural relativism which differs from ethnocentrism, where one judges other cultures by their own cultural standards.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that frames our thinking about contemporary multiculturalism and suggests that behavior in one culture should not be judged by the standards of another culture is cultural relativism.
Cultural relativism is the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one's own culture. This anthropological principle requires us to pause and seek to understand a culture's practices and beliefs within its own unique context before passing judgment. This approach does not mean "anything goes"; rather it's a call to listen and understand before making narrow judgments.
By contrast, ethnocentrism involves judging another culture based on one's own cultural norms and often leads to viewing other cultures as inferior. Ethnocentrism implies that one's own culture is the correct standard and any deviation from it by other cultures is considered wrong.