Final answer:
True, culture includes both behaviors and material outcomes, encompassing both the physical objects (material culture) and the ideas, beliefs, and practices (nonmaterial culture) that define a society.
Step-by-step explanation:
True. Culture indeed considers both behavior and the material outcomes of that behavior. According to the nineteenth-century British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor, culture is a "complex whole" that encompasses many aspects of human activity and existence, including knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, and custom. These elements combine to form our daily experiences as well as special occasions, demonstrating a dynamic interplay between the material culture—the tangible objects and spaces that we interact with—and the nonmaterial culture, consisting of the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs that impact and shape society.
Material culture includes all the physical objects, technologies, and spaces that are part of a society, such as transportation systems, architectural structures, and everyday household items. Nonmaterial culture, on the other hand, involves the less tangible aspects like social norms, values, and ethics that govern how we behave and what we believe. Thus, culture is not solely the physical creations we leave behind; it also includes the cognitive patterns and moral constructs that inform our behavior.
Culture is never static; it evolves with the introduction of new material culture, reflecting the changing ideologies and practices of a society as it progresses. The functionalist perspective helps to demonstrate this, as cultural values such as the importance of education can be observed through both the material culture of schools and the educational methodologies, indicative of the nonmaterial culture.