Final answer:
Mongol rule in the 1200s and 1300s impacted Russian culture and history through the conquest of city-states, a shift in power to Moscow, and the exchange of goods and ideas.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mongol rule in the 1200s and 1300s impacted Russian culture and history in several ways. Firstly, the Mongols invaded and conquered Russian city-states, leading to the destruction of many cities and the loss of influence for Kiev. The Mongols established the Golden Horde, which exerted control over Russia and maintained a presence in the region. Secondly, Mongol rule led to a shift in power, with Moscow gaining prominence as the intermediary between the Mongols and the Russian leaders. Lastly, the Mongols encouraged the exchange of goods, services, and ideas, which had a civilizing impact on the region even as it undermined local culture.