Final answer:
Cooperative Federalism is the type of federalism where the national and state governments share responsibilities, working together like a marble cake as opposed to the separate spheres of Dual Federalism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of federalism where the national and state governments share responsibility is Cooperative Federalism. In this form of federalism, the layers of government are blended much like a marble cake, which is why Morton Grodzins referred to it as 'marble-cake federalism' in the 1950s. This form stood in contrast to 'dual federalism,' where the state and national governments operate within clearly defined and distinctly separate spheres of power, symbolized by the layer-cake analogy. Cooperative federalism emphasizes concurrent powers, where both state and national governments work together on tasks such as taxing, law enforcement, and establishing court systems to effectively address societal issues and enhance administrative efficiency.
Cooperative federalism became more pronounced during times when coordination was necessary to tackle large-scale problems like the Great Depression and civil rights movements. It was during these eras that the national government began to take a more active role in policy areas traditionally handled by the states. The cooperative approach allowed for responsibilities to be shared and for the federal and state government to solve national problems jointly, reflecting an inseparable mingling of powers and functions between the two levels of government.