Final answer:
The first black colony to gain independence from a European power was the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which became the independent republic of Haiti in 1804 following a successful slave revolt and revolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first black colony to gain independence from a European power was the French colony of Saint-Domingue. The colony's independence movement began with a slave revolt in 1791, led by Toussaint Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines. This revolt turned into a revolution against French rule, which concluded with the establishment of the independent republic of Haiti in 1804. Haiti's revolution was a groundbreaking event as the first successful uprising by enslaved individuals that led not just to the end of colonial rule, but also to the establishment of an independent nation. Moreover, unlike other revolutions of the era, Haiti's battle for independence centered around the abolition of slavery and racial discrimination, making it a unique fight for equality and human rights in the annals of history.