Final answer:
General filling of the lake with sediments is a long-term factor that can ultimately lead to the formation of new land.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is a. General filling of the lake with exogenic and endogenic sediments. Short-term factors affecting succession in lakes include seasonal mixing, pollution due to anthropogenic causes, and other fluctuations in environmental conditions. However, general filling of the lake with sediments is a long-term factor that can ultimately lead to the formation of new land.