Final answer:
The correct answer is that IBT focuses on species richness, while meta-communities focus on community processes. Consequently, the student should choose option (b). These ecological studies are critical for understanding the distribution of species and the operation of their communities, especially in the context of climate change.
Step-by-step explanation:
Island Biogeography Theory (IBT) and meta-community concepts are crucial areas of study within ecology, focusing on distinct aspects of biodiversity and community dynamics. IBT largely deals with patterns and processes such as species richness and geographic isolation, examining how these factors influence the distribution of species in island-like settings. In contrast, the study of meta-communities emphasizes the community processes that shape how differing community types are interconnected and affect the diversity and distribution of species.
Based on the concepts provided, the correct answer to the student's question is 'IBT focuses on species richness, while meta-communities focus on community processes.' This translates to option (b) Species richness, community processes.
It's also noteworthy to mention that both areas of study can offer insights into the influence of climate change on these ecological aspects, which is becoming increasingly important as global climates shift, leading to potential effects on biodiversity and ecosystem function.