Final answer:
The greatest concentration of terrestrial biodiversity is found in the tropics, with Southeast Asia and Central America being prime examples due to their biodiversity hotspots. Central Africa has significant diversity but does not exceed the tropical regions. Both marine and terrestrial ecosystems in these areas are rich in species, but habitat degradation poses a significant threat.
Step-by-step explanation:
The greatest concentration of biological terrestrial diversity is found in the tropics, which include regions such as Southeast Asia and Central America. This area boasts the richest biodiversity due to a combination of warm climate, high levels of endemism, and numerous biodiversity hotspots. Although Central Africa is also immensely diverse, particularly in the Congolese rainforests, it does not surpass the tropical regions in terms of overall species richness and diversity. Southern Africa and Mediterranean habitats, while diverse, do not compare to the tropical regions in terms of terrestrial diversity.
Southeast Asia and areas within the Central Indo-Pacific are known for their exceptional marine biodiversity, with a significant number of species of molluscs, corals, and fish. Similarly, Central America is acknowledged for its rich biodiversity of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, largely attributable to its tropical location. The degradation of habitats due to human activity, especially in densely populated and ecologically rich areas, threatens this biological diversity. Efforts to conserve and sustainably manage these biodiversity hotspots are crucial for maintaining the planet's overall health and resilience.