Question

"Recent brain research has shown some surprising benefits as a result of formal musical training. Learning to play a musical instrument appears to develop parts of the brain that can even influence academic results. The studies indicate that the earlier a child begins training, the more benefits there are. One such study showed that children who began musical studies before the age of seven had a more developed brain in the region where language production and auditory processing take place. Scientists believe there is mounting evidence to show that early musical training can improve brain function.

A research team from Northwestern University observed that to achieve the positive brain development from musical training, music students had to be active participants. There were differences found between the kids who attended a more passive music appreciation class, and the ones who learned to play instruments. It was the active production of music that rewired the brain. Using electrodes on the students’ heads, scientists were able to see how actively the brain responded when students generated music.
Neuroscientists have suggested that playing an instrument, especially at an early age, can improve how the brain interprets sensory information. Music (singing or playing an instrument) also positively affects memory. Apparently, music activates both the right and left sides of the brain simultaneously and this activity increases efficiency in processing information. In one study, researchers found the areas of the brain that affect language skill and "executive function" were more developed in musically trained students. The executive function is the planning center of your brain, where you figure out what must get done, and how to do it in the time that exists.
A special community music program in a low-income area of Los Angeles showed a higher success rate of students going on to college than students in the area who did not participate in this music education. A team of researchers was asked to offer scientific evidence for this compelling distinction. The study concluded that there were significant improvements in reading scores for the children who attended music classes regularly and were actively engaged for a period of two years, compared to those who did not participate.
Playing a musical instrument engages muscular movement, requires coordination, and employs various senses. This intricate process of making music creates motion and emotional response. According to one scientist’s studies, intense musical training increases not only the volume of the brain, but also improves the connections between the hemispheres of the brain.
Today there is a trend toward instrumental lessons being less of a priority than in decades past. In many cases, families cannot afford private lessons or the time it takes from the family schedule. Fortunately, many schools still provide classes for chorus, orchestra, and band, which help promote this educational opportunity. Families keep busy today with most parents working full-time outside the home. Children are also busy with various extracurricular activities, competing forms of technological entertainment, and year-round sports activities.
However, to achieve optimal brain development, scientists suggest that a well-rounded mix of musical and athletic training should accompany a student’s academic education. As a student, consider the benefits of acquiring a musical skill. Find some music you love and an instrument you enjoy, and whether you learn at school or privately, apply some self-discipline to practice. The impact of musical learning can not only bring immediate opportunities for enjoyment, it can also improve brain function for a lifetime.
1. How does the inclusion of the brain research study in Paragraph 3 help develop the central idea that music improves brain function?
a. It provides evidence that children who study music at an earlier age have better developed language and auditory skills.
b. It supports the claim that children who learn to play a musical instrument at an early age improve their chances of becoming better musicians.
c. It provides evidence that there are academic benefits to formal music training for young children.
d. It supports the claim that the daily discipline of practicing a musical instrument improves academic results.
2. How does the inclusion of the brain research study in Paragraph 3 help develop the central idea that music improves brain function?
a. It provides evidence that children who study music at an earlier age have better developed language and auditory skills.
b. It supports the claim that children who learn to play a musical instrument at an early age improve their chances of becoming better musicians.
c. It provides evidence that there are academic benefits to formal music training for young children.
d. It supports the claim that the daily discipline of practicing a musical instrument improves academic results."

Answer 1

The brain research study in Paragraph 3 supports the idea that music improves brain function by showing that early musical training enhances language and auditory brain areas. Music connects people beyond language barriers and actively learning an instrument may promote neurogenesis, boosting memory and learning capacities.

Step-by-step explanation:

The inclusion of the brain research study in Paragraph 3 helps develop the central idea that music improves brain function by providing evidence that children who study music at an earlier age have better developed language and auditory skills. The study suggests that early musical training can lead to significant improvements in brain development, specifically in areas responsible for language production, auditory processing, and executive function, which is related to planning and problem-solving skills. Through active participation in musical training, children can also experience benefits in academic areas such as reading. Moreover, learning to play an instrument can improve sensory information processing and memory due to the simultaneous engagement of both sides of the brain.

Furthermore, researchers found that music has the ability to foster a sense of unity within groups and can effectively communicate emotions across cultural boundaries, as demonstrated in studies with the Mafa tribe. These findings resonate with Darwin's theory that language and music were originally one in the evolution of human communication. Additionally, neurogenesis research indicates that engaging in activities like playing a musical instrument can promote the birth of new neurons in the hippocampus, enhancing learning and memory.