Final answer:
The statement that parent material can only be made from sedimentary rock is false, as parent material for soil can come from weathering of any type of bedrock including igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks. option 2 is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that parent material can only be made from sedimentary rock is false. Parent material refers to the organic and inorganic substances from which soils derive, and they can form directly from the weathering of any type of bedrock, not just sedimentary rocks. Bedrock can be igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic in nature. Sedimentary rocks themselves are formed from pre-existing rocks, whether igneous or sedimentary, that have been weathered, eroded, and laid down in layers. These rocks, over time, can also undergo transformative processes to become metamorphic rocks, illustrating the rock cycle.
Parent material is essential for soil formation, and its nature greatly influences the eventual soil composition. It is the weathering of various rocks that contributes diverse minerals and the characteristics of the soil. In the context of sedimentary rocks, they hold a special place on Earth as they can tell us much about the planet's history, geological activity, and past life forms thanks to the sediments and fossils they contain.
Thus, the inherent diversity of parent materials reflects the dynamic and cyclical nature of Earth's geology, where sedimentary rocks play one of many roles in the formation of soils.