Final Answer:
The most common plant in the tundra is the Arctic moss, specifically the species Calliergon giganteum.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Arctic tundra is characterized by its harsh climate, with low temperatures and a short growing season. In such extreme conditions, only a few plant species can thrive, and among them, Arctic moss (Calliergon giganteum) is the most prevalent. This moss has adapted to the tundra environment, playing a crucial role in the ecosystem.
Arctic moss is well-suited to the tundra's cold temperatures and nutrient-poor soils. It forms dense carpets on the ground, providing insulation and preventing soil erosion. These moss carpets also contribute to moisture retention, creating a microhabitat that supports other small plant species. Additionally, Arctic moss has a symbiotic relationship with fungi, aiding in nutrient absorption from the environment.
The dominance of Arctic moss in the tundra is not only due to its ability to withstand extreme conditions but also its role in shaping the ecosystem. As a primary producer, it influences the availability of resources for other organisms in the food chain. The resilience and adaptability of Arctic moss make it a key player in the delicate balance of the tundra ecosystem, highlighting the significance of this plant in the challenging Arctic environment.