Final answer:
The question seeks identification of critical missing elements in a scientific article, which could include original data, hypothesis details, data collection methodology, control group info, data analysis techniques, and statistical likelihood evaluation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which items are missing from a scientific article. The items listed in multiple-choice format include aspects such as original data, hypothesis, data collection details, control group information, data analysis methods, and statistical likelihood related to the hypothesis being tested. To address the question properly, one must understand the critical components involved in hypothesis testing and scientific investigation.
In a scientific context, hypothesis testing encompasses several steps:
- Developing a clear hypothesis.
- Collecting and organizing data through controlled or observational studies.
- Having a detailed methodology on how data was collected and any control groups used.
- Using methods of data analysis and evaluating the statistical likelihood to support or reject the hypothesis.
In the student's question, if any items from (A) to (F) are missing from the article, it would imply that the article may lack necessary scientific rigor. This would suggest that the article's methodology and results may not be sufficiently reliable.