Final answer:
During Reconstruction, African Americans made progress towards citizenship and equality, but faced challenges from white Democrats and the collapse of Reconstruction. The effects of Reconstruction, the Black Codes, and the Freedmen's Bureau had both positive and negative impacts on African Americans.
Step-by-step explanation:
During Reconstruction, African Americans made significant progress towards achieving citizenship and equality. They were able to secure legal freedom and push for citizenship rights through the efforts of Radical Republicans. However, they faced numerous challenges, including resistance from white Democrats and the collapse of Reconstruction. This led to enduring limits on their freedom, which lasted for nearly a century. The effects of Reconstruction, the Black Codes, and the actions of the Freedmen's Bureau had both positive and negative impacts on African Americans in both the South and North.