Final answer:
During the Industrial Revolution, factories were primarily located in the northeastern United States and along the Great Lakes due to the availability of a large labor force and markets, as well as access to raw materials like iron ore and coal. In Europe, the Industrial Revolution was concentrated in areas close to coal mines and benefited from political and cultural factors that supported industrial expansion.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Industrial Revolution, the majority of factories were located in the northeastern United States and along the Great Lakes. This region was chosen because it had access to both a large labor force and markets for manufactured products. Additionally, the area had ample reserves of raw materials like iron ore and coal, which were essential for industrial production.
For example, the steel industry was centered in Pittsburgh due to its proximity to the raw materials needed for steel production: iron ore from Minnesota and coal from Pennsylvania and Appalachia.
In Europe, the Industrial Revolution was concentrated in areas close to coal mines, such as Great Britain. Britain had favorable political and cultural conditions that supported industrial expansion, including a parliament that believed in free trade, reliable banking institutions, and relatively low taxes.