Final answer:
Farmers harvesting cash crops benefited the most from the era's inventions like the reaper, as these advancements streamlined agricultural production for crops such as tobacco, a highly lucrative commodity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual most benefited from the process discussed in the provided excerpt would be B. A farmer harvesting cash crops. This era's burst of new inventions, industrial growth, and urbanization significantly impacted various economic activities. Due to the development of commercial electricity and the steam engine, industries were able to move into cities, which required a big workforce and thus attracted a lot of immigrants for factory jobs, indicating that urban factory workers also saw some benefits.
However, considering the entire context provided, which includes the transformation of agriculture through inventions like the reaper and the sewing machine, it seems that farmers who were harvesting cash crops would have benefited the most from these technological advancements. The machinery would allow for more efficient production of cash crops like tobacco, which was the most lucrative product of the Chesapeake colonies according to the information provided.