Final answer:
The Populist Party, formed in the 1890s, is the political party that included farmers and supported an income tax, shorter workday, secret ballots, and direct election of Senators.
Step-by-step explanation:
The political party that consisted of farmers who called for the passage of an income tax, a shorter workday, secret ballots, and the direct election of Senators is the Populist Party. The Populist Party, also known as the People's Party, was a significant third party in the 1890s, which focused on the issues faced by farmers and the working class, such as the regulation of railroads and the introduction of a graduated income tax. Their platform similarly advocated for single terms for the president, an eight hour workday, direct election of U.S. Senators, and loan programs that would balance the costs of food. Importantly, they called for unlimited coinage of silver to increase the wealth of farmers and the working class.