Final answer:
Abstraction, encapsulation, and modularity are three fundamental object-oriented design principles. Abstraction simplifies complex systems by focusing on essential properties or behaviors. Encapsulation bundles related data and functions into a single unit for data hiding and security. Modularity designs systems as independent, self-contained modules for flexibility and code reusability.
Step-by-step explanation:
Abstraction, encapsulation, and modularity are three fundamental object-oriented design principles.
Abstraction:
Abstraction refers to the process of simplifying complex systems or objects by focusing on their essential properties or behaviors. It involves representing an object or system in a more generalized form, hiding unnecessary details. For example, in a car, the driver only needs to know how to operate the steering wheel, pedals, and gears, without understanding the intricate mechanisms of the engine.
Encapsulation:
Encapsulation is about bundling related data and functions into a single unit, called a class. It allows for data hiding and ensures that objects can be manipulated only through their designated methods. This helps maintain the integrity and security of the data, as well as simplifying the usage and maintenance of the code.
Modularity:
Modularity refers to designing a system or program as a collection of independent, self-contained modules. These modules can be created, modified, and tested independently, making the overall system more manageable and flexible. Modularity promotes code reusability and simplifies maintenance, as changes made to one module do not affect others.