Final answer:
The system in question is the Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS), responsible for the real-time monitoring of stack emissions to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The system that continuously samples and analyzes stack emissions and reports data at scheduled times is known as the Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS). The role of CEMS is to ensure that industrial facilities comply with environmental regulations by monitoring pollutant outputs in real-time. This is in line with the United States environmental laws, which from the late 1960s onwards, have required companies to limit pollution from sources like smokestacks and have mandated the installation of pollution control technologies. These regulations are an example of command-and-control regulation, which embodies the principle that firms must consider the social costs of pollution when they make production-related decisions.