Final answer:
Youth incarceration rates in Canada cannot be determined based on the provided information.
Step-by-step explanation:
T/F: Youth incarceration rates have increased in Canada.
Based on the provided information, it is not clear whether youth incarceration rates have increased in Canada. The information focuses more on the incarceration rates in the United States and the effectiveness of mass incarceration as a crime prevention strategy. However, it is mentioned that crime rates are dropping worldwide, including in countries like Canada. Therefore, it is possible that youth incarceration rates in Canada have also decreased, but without specific data or evidence, it cannot be confirmed whether they have increased or not.