Final answer:
Cities and civilizations did not always replace traditional economies. Traditional economies, governed by customs and unchanged occupations, often existed alongside other evolving economic systems. The transition to modern economies like capitalism and socialism has a history of incorporating elements from various economic practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
No, cities and civilizations did not always replace traditional economies. While urbanization and technological advances facilitated the transition from agrarian to industrial economies in many parts of the world, traditional economies persisted in some regions. In traditional economies, occupations and methods are passed down through generations, with little change or economic development, reflecting a deep-rooted adherence to cultural practices. As societies evolved, large empires expanded their economic influence, but when these empires broke up, so too did their uniform economic systems. Economies organized via tradition have existed alongside other systems, and cities and civilizations have sometimes incorporated traditional economic elements into their new structures.
In a traditional economy, what is produced is used for personal consumption, economic progress is paced, and the way of life is governed by long-standing customs. The circulation of goods and people in cities and civilizations introduced choice, creating potential for both unsettling and liberating changes as new cultures and economic systems emerged. But this did not equal an absolute replacement. Instead, the development of modern economic systems such as capitalism and socialism reflects a complex history of adoptions, adaptations, and overlaps of various economic practices, including those of traditional economies.