Final answer:
Among the listed cities, Marseilles experienced the plague at the latest date with a major outbreak in 1720, which was after those in Prague, Florence, Rome, and Barcelona.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine which city experienced the plague at the latest date among the options provided, we can reference the historical accounts of the plague's spread through Europe. Notably, Marseilles witnessed what is regarded as the last major outbreak of the plague in Western Europe in 1720. This outbreak confirmed the belief at the time that the disease was being imported from the eastern Mediterranean port cities of the Ottoman empire. Considering the historical information provided, Marseilles seems to have experienced the plague at the latest date compared to the other cities listed, namely Prague, Florence, Rome, and Barcelona.
While Prague, Florence, Rome, and Barcelona were certainly affected by the plague during the Second Pandemic, specific dates of outbreaks in these cities are not provided in the excerpts. However, the mention of Marseilles experiencing a major outbreak in 1720 helps establish this port city as having the latest date of significant plague incident among the cities in question.