Final answer:
The blue bloater is associated with 'wet lungs', a condition linked to chronic bronchitis within COPD. Pneumonia is the disease that matches the description of alveoli becoming inflamed and filled with fluid.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the pink puffer and blue bloater, it is the blue bloater who typically has 'wet lungs'. The blue bloater descriptor is often used in relation to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), specifically, chronic bronchitis. Patients with this condition tend to have increased mucus production, which can lead to a 'wetter' lung environment.
For the disease description provided - Alveoli become inflamed and fill with fluid - the best fitting disease from the given list would be pneumonia. Pneumonia is characterized by inflammation of the alveoli in the lungs, which leads to the alveoli becoming filled with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe.