Final answer:
The repetition of "when you" in the paragraph for rhetorical effect is an example of the literary device Anaphora, which emphasizes important points and appeals to emotions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The literary device employed in the paragraph where the phrase "when you" is repeated for rhetorical effect is Anaphora. Anaphora is a rhetorical device that involves the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences for emphasis and rhythm. This technique is often used to appeal to the emotions and to create a sense of urgency or importance. In the given passage, the speaker is emphasizing the immediate and painful experiences of racial segregation and discrimination, seeking to convey the cumulative emotional weight and compelling need for change.