Final answer:
The geographical features of Greece, such as mountains and islands, contributed to the emergence of differences within each city-state or polis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The geographical features of Greece played a significant role in the emergence of differences within each city-state, known as a polis. The rugged mountainous terrain and numerous islands in Greece led to the formation of isolated communities, making it difficult for communication and trade to occur between different city-states. This geographical isolation contributed to the development of distinct cultures, political systems, and forms of government within each city-state.
For example, Sparta, located in a fertile valley surrounded by mountains, became a highly militaristic society and developed an oligarchic government focused on producing skilled warriors. In contrast, Athens, situated along the coast and having access to the sea, became a center for trade and commerce, leading to the development of a democratic government.
The different geographical features of Greece, such as mountains, islands, and coastlines, not only shaped trade and communication patterns but also influenced the political, economic, and social structures of each city-state, contributing to the emergence of differences among them.