Final answer:
The causes of war within the Ottoman Empire included expansion and the rise of nationalism, while the effects included decline, political changes, and the emergence of new nations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The causes of war within the Ottoman Empire can be attributed to various factors. One major cause was the empire's continuous expansion, which created tension with neighboring powers and led to territorial disputes. Another cause was the rise of nationalism among minority ethnic groups within the empire, who sought greater autonomy or independence.
The effects of war within the Ottoman Empire were significant. One effect was the decline of the empire starting in the nineteenth century, due to factors such as European military superiority and Ottoman territorial overextension. Wars also resulted in political changes, including the ultimate collapse of the empire and the emergence of new independent nations. In summary, the causes of war within the Ottoman Empire included expansion and the rise of nationalism, while the effects included decline, political changes, and the emergence of new nations.