Final answer:
A comprehensive mix of societal, economic, and political factors—including increasing gender equality, economic necessity, the pursuit of implementing equality in practice, and changes in household dynamics—have contributed to the rise of women in the workforce and academia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factors associated with the increased presence of women in the workforce and academic realm are multifaceted. First, emphasising increasing equality between men and women in society has provided a framework for change. Secondly, the economic necessity for both parents to work has contributed to the rise of women employed in various sectors. Finally, women's desires to implement equality in practice have spurred a movement towards balancing the demographic composition of the workforce and academia.
Additionally, there has been a shift due to the expanding number of female-headed households, affecting economic dynamics and responsibilities. Likewise, the persistence of intra-household inequalities nudges women towards seeking financial autonomy. Internationally, the implementation of neoliberal economic policies has played a role in reshaping labor markets, encouraging or necessitating higher female workforce participation.
Historical barriers have included societal perceptions that female employment outside the home was unnatural. However, the lack of male candidates reaching the education levels needed for skilled positions has opened opportunities for women. This shift, combined with an increase in educational attainment and efforts to achieve equal employment rights, has reconfigured the job landscape to be more inclusive.