Final answer:
The Anthropocene is the term used to describe the current geological era marked by significant human impact on Earth's ecosystems, including climate change and mass extinction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The name for the new geological era referring to the arrival of humans and the permanent mark we are leaving on the Earth is A) Anthropocene. Scholars use this term to describe the contemporary period of increasing human impact on the ecosystems of our planet. Activities such as large-scale pollution, deforestation, and farming have resulted in severe environmental issues, including climate change and a mass extinction of numerous plant and animal species, which signifies a dominant influence of humans on earth's atmosphere and ecosystems.