Final answer:
To undermine a physician's argument, one can challenge the underlying premises, long-term consequences, or the evidence supporting their claims. This involves looking for inconsistencies or lack of evidence that contradicts the physician's justification.
Step-by-step explanation:
To identify a statement that undermines a physician's argument, one must look for a claim that contradicts or calls into question the foundational premises of the physician's position. For instance, if a physician argues that a product works because they endorsed it, finding evidence that the endorsement was based on flawed research or monetary incentives rather than scientific proof would undermine the argument.
Critically analyzing the long-term consequences as a Rule Utilitarian involves assessing potential harm. If it turns out that doctors lying could lead to a breakdown in patient trust, ultimately causing more harm than good, this would be a strong criticism to the stated argument.
When evaluating a philosophical argument, such as one involving claims that violate the laws of nature, it's essential to challenge the initial premises. Demonstrating that there is no evidence of events that violate natural laws would significantly weaken the argument. This method of criticism is an example of how to effectively critique a philosophical argument.