Final answer:
The rate at which alcohol affects an individual depends on factors like age, sex, and health, and is measured by blood alcohol concentration (BAC). It typically takes about five hours for the body to metabolize the alcohol to sobriety. Effects range from euphoria and sedation to serious health risks or even death at extreme doses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rate at which alcohol affects someone varies greatly due to a number of factors. The immediate effects are largely dependent on the blood alcohol concentration (BAC), which can differ from person to person based on age, sex, and pre-existing health conditions. Typically, alcohol intoxication starts after consuming two or more drinks, but the exact amount can change based on the social situation and the individual's personality.
Alcohol metabolism is a complex process involving the liver and can only be expedited by giving the body enough time for metabolism - contrary to popular belief, methods like drinking coffee do not accelerate this process. It is noteworthy that women metabolize alcohol more slowly compared to men. Legal intoxication typically starts at a BAC of 0.08, and it takes around five hours for a legally intoxicated person to sober up completely.
Consumption of alcohol results in a variety of changes in consciousness and behavior, including euphoria, sedation, and at extreme doses, respiratory depression, or even coma. Chronic alcohol use can lead to serious health complications, and if consumed during pregnancy, it can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Despite these risks, moderate alcohol consumption is associated with certain social benefits and, potentially, increased longevity.