Final answer:
African literature began with oral traditions and storytelling before the development of writing systems. These oral traditions were deeply rooted in the culture of various African societies. The emergence of writing in Africa varied regionally, with ancient Egyptians using hieroglyphics and Ethiopians developing the Ge'ez script.
Step-by-step explanation:
The origins of African literature can be traced back to ancient times with the development of writing systems in agricultural societies. However, for much of Africa's history, before the widespread use of writing systems and the arrival of Europeans, literature and history were predominantly preserved through oral traditions. Storytelling, poetry, song, and dance were vital means of cultural expression and the transmission of values, morals, history, and knowledge from generation to generation. Griots, or oral historians and storytellers, played a crucial role in maintaining these traditions.
As for written literature, different regions in Africa developed writing at various times. For instance, ancient Egyptians used hieroglyphics while Ethiopean cultures developed the Ge'ez script. In West Africa, scripts such as Nsibidi were in use before the colonial era. The oldest known sub-Saharan African script is the Ge'ez script, which dates back to at least the 9th century BCE.
It's important to note that the absence of a traditional writing system does not correlate with a lack of sophistication or advancement. African civilizations were rich in cultural achievements and their oral traditions were, and still are, a testament to their complex societal structures.