Final answer:
The mechanism of energy generation in nuclear reactors is called nuclear fission, where heavy atomic nuclei split into lighter ones, releasing energy that is used to produce steam and generate electricity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mechanism of energy generation used in nuclear reactors on Earth primarily involves a process called nuclear fission. In this process, heavy atomic nuclei, such as uranium-235, are split into lighter nuclei when struck by neutrons. The nucleus splits into two smaller isotopes and releases a significant amount of energy due to the conversion of a small amount of mass into energy. This process also liberates additional neutrons that can induce further fission events, creating a chain reaction. The energy released from fission is used to convert water into steam, which then drives turbines to generate electricity.
Nuclear fission is a type of radioactive decay where heavy nuclei break down into more stable configurations, releasing a tremendous amount of energy in the form of heat and radiation. The heat produced is harnessed to generate steam that spins turbines, thereby converting thermal energy into mechanical and then electrical energy for public consumption.