Final answer:
Socrates, the Greek philosopher, described death as "the separation of the soul from the body" in his dialogue Phaedo, a perspective that aligns with possessing a stoical attitude towards death.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Roman philosopher who described death as "the separation of the soul from the body" and expressed an attitude towards death that was common among many Greek philosophers was Socrates, not a Roman but a Greek philosopher. In his dialogue Phaedo, Socrates articulates that the true philosopher practices for dying and death, presenting death not as an enemy, but as a natural process or a possible passage to another realm. The references to Roman philosophers such as Cicero and Marcus Aurelius in the question's context also shed light on the philosophical landscape of the time, but it is Socrates's views in Phaedo that most closely resemble the notion of death articulated in the question.