Final answer:
The U.S. Supreme Court is the only court specifically established by the U.S. Constitution. While Congress was granted the power to create additional courts, specifics on the federal court system, including specialized courts, evolved over time through legislation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the U.S. Constitution that was actually specified concerning the federal judiciary is the U.S. Supreme Court. Article III of the Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal government and explicitly mentions the Supreme Court, stating, "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court..." This established the U.S. Supreme Court as the highest court in the land. While the Constitution did give Congress the power to create a federal court system, specifics about constitutional courts, the U.S. Court of Military Appeals, and the U.S. Tax Court were not detailed in the Constitution itself but were established later by Congress through legislation.
It is significant to note that while the Supreme Court was the only court to be specifically created by the Constitution, Congress has indeed created the broader federal court system that includes the District Courts, Circuit Courts of Appeals, and specialized courts such as Bankruptcy Courts and Article I Courts. There are currently 94 U.S. District Courts, and each state, including Michigan and the District of Columbia, has at least one District Court. Additionally, there are twelve Circuit Courts of Appeals. The creation of other specialized courts like the Court of Military Appeals and the Tax Court came later and are part of the ever-evolving judicial system.