Final answer:
Cabinet ministers are chosen by the prime minister within parliamentary systems and are often members of the same political party, while in presidential systems like the U.S., the president selects them, subject to Senate confirmation. Political loyalty, ideology, and expertise play roles in the selection, alongside representative bureaucracy.
Step-by-step explanation:
How is a Cabinet Minister Chosen?
In parliamentary regimes, the selection of cabinet ministers typically involves the prime minister choosing members from within the government and often from their own political party. Cabinet ministers are essential in governing and developing public policy, with a requirement for expertise in their respective fields. The prime minister, being 'first among equals,' consults with cabinet members before actions are taken. In presidential systems, such as the United States, the president appoints cabinet members, who must then be confirmed by the Senate. These appointments can be influenced by political events and may include individuals from both the political sphere and other areas like business. Political loyalty, ideological similarity, and expertise are all considered in the selection process. Representative bureaucracy is another aspect, where selection also aims for a cabinet that reflects the population's diversity regarding gender, ethnicity, and geography.
In parliamentary systems, the prime minister has the power to demote or fire cabinet ministers, whereas in presidential systems, the independence offered to cabinet members can vary based on the president's approach and the institution itself. For example, historical figures like Margaret Thatcher demonstrated a more individualistic approach with her cabinet, whereas others like John Major adopted a more traditional collaborative approach.