Final answer:
The Westernization and modernization of Chinese music was influenced by the Song and Qing dynasties' cultural and technological advancements, the Self-Strengthening Movement's reformist advocacy, and an ever-growing global exchange of ideas and trade.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Westernization and modernization of Chinese music can be traced back to various dynastic periods where economic expansion, cultural exchanges, and technological advancements played pivotal roles. During the Song dynasty, globalization and the influx of ideas and people led to dynamic new forms of art and the adoption of foreign elements. Musical instruments such as chimes, drums, and flutes became emblematic of this era's sophistication. The introduction of printing technology in the Song period democratized education, allowing greater access to Confucian texts and, presumably, to musical knowledge and traditions.
The Self-Strengthening Movement further ushered in a period of reform following military defeats, encouraging the adoption of Western military technology, science, and educational reform which included mathematics, science, and foreign languages. Consequently, this period bore witness to a more systemic incorporation of Western ideas into Chinese society.
Furthermore, the Qing Dynasty transitions encouraged artistic expression that included influences from both traditional Chinese culture and foreign techniques, reflecting a change in the artistic atmosphere. Economic prosperity and market demand during these times also led to a flourishing of both traditional arts and novel expressions that likely included music, supported by an ever-expanding middle class of art patrons.