Final answer:
In a bicyclic ring, the endo and exo positions of substituents are determined by their relative position to the larger bridge in the ring.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a bicyclic ring, you can determine if a group is endo or exo by looking at the position of the substituent on the ring. Endo refers to the group being located on the same side as the larger bridge, while exo refers to the group being located on the opposite side of the larger bridge. To visualize this, imagine the bicyclic ring as a bridge, and the endo substituent is like a car driving on the same side as the larger bridge, while the exo substituent is like a car driving on the opposite side of the larger bridge.
For example, in a bicyclic ring with a hexane bridge, if a substituent is attached to one of the carbons in the hexane bridge and it is on the same side as the larger bridge, it is considered endo. Conversely, if the substituent is on the opposite side of the larger bridge, it is considered exo.
Overall, the endo and exo positions of substituents in a bicyclic ring are determined based on their relative position to the larger bridge in the ring.