Final answer:
In 'Chains,' Madam treats Ruth harshly due to her epileptic fits, isolating her and exacerbating her condition, which demonstrates the detrimental impact of lack of empathy towards individuals with medical conditions in a historical setting.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the novel Chains, Madam treats Ruth poorly because of Ruth's epileptic fits, which Madam considers frightening and inconvenient. Madam's harsh treatment includes isolating Ruth and denying her compassion and understanding, which frightens and deeply affects Ruth. The negativity of the household and Madam's demeanor cause Ruth to become more withdrawn and terrified, exacerbating her condition. This situation illustrates the tragic effects of lack of empathy and kindness towards those with medical conditions, especially in a historical context.