Final answer:
To reduce the risk of cyber attacks, utilizing symmetric cryptography for encrypted communication is essential, in addition to implementing strong security measures such as complex passwords and anti-virus software. For higher-scale security, measures include civil defense and emergency preparedness alongside anti-terrorism laws.
Step-by-step explanation:
To mitigate the risk of attacks and enhance security, preventive controls such as encryption play a critical role. Symmetric cryptography is used in scenarios where both the sender and receiver share the same secret key to encrypt and decrypt messages, ensuring that communication is secure from unauthorized access.
- Using passwords and PINs that cannot be easily guessed contributes to stronger security protocols for individual accounts.
- Anti-virus software is essential for protecting computers against malware that could compromise personal data.
- Financial security is also crucial, and individuals are advised to notify their bank of any changes to address or phone to prevent identity theft.
For organizations, implementing civil defense and emergency preparedness measures, alongside anti-terrorism legislation, fortify the resilience of critical national infrastructure against various threats.